The authors are grateful for financial and administrative support from the Linux Foundation, without which the data from the Census would not have otherwise been available. We greatly appreciate the support of the Research Computing Services at Harvard Business School, the Laboratory for Innovation Science at Harvard, the Linux Foundation, and the software composition analysis data providers Snyk, the Synopsys Cybersecurity Research Center, and FOSSA. We thank Tianli Li and Misha Bouzinier for their excellent research assistance. We are also thankful to the software developers Boris Martinovic, Rich Lander, and Scott Hanselman from Microsoft for insights into the .NET ecosystem. We received helpful feedback from participants at the Harvard Business School Values and Valuations Conference, the Harvard Business School D3 Research Day, and the 2023 Academy of Management Conference.